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  Domain Name: STKc_cPKC_beta
Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, Classical Protein Kinase C beta. Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Classical Protein Kinase C (cPKC) subfamily, beta isoforms, catalytic (c) domain. STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The cPKC subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. PKCs undergo three phosphorylations in order to take mature forms. In addition, cPKCs depend on calcium, DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol), and in most cases, phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. There are four cPKC isoforms, named alpha, betaI, betaII, and gamma. The PKC beta isoforms (I and II), generated by alternative splicing of a single gene, are preferentially activated by hyperglycemia-induced DAG in retinal tissues. This is implicated in diabetic microangiopathy such as ischemia, neovascularization, and abnormal vasodilator function. PKC-beta also plays an important role in VEGF signaling. In addition, glucose regulates proliferation in retinal endothelial cells via PKC-betaI. PKC-beta is also being explored as a therapeutic target in cancer. It contributes to tumor formation and is involved in the tumor host mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis.
No pairwise interactions are available for this conserved domain.

Total Mutations Found: 543
Total Disease Mutations Found: 256
This domain occurred 301 times on human genes (694 proteins).



  ADENOCARCINOMA OF LUNG, RESPONSE TO TYROS
  ADENOCARCINOMA OF LUNG, SOMATIC
  AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS 19
  AORTIC ANEURYSM, FAMILIAL THORACIC 7
  BLADDER CANCER, SOMATIC, INCLUDED
  BREAST CANCER, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
  CAMPTODACTYLY, TALL STATURE, AND HEARING LOSS SYNDROME
  CARDIOFACIOCUTANEOUS SYNDROME 1
  CARDIOFACIOCUTANEOUS SYNDROME 3
  CARDIOFACIOCUTANEOUS SYNDROME 4
  CEREBRAL INFARCTION, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
  CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, RESISTANT TO IMATINIB
  COFFIN-LOWRY SYNDROME
  COFFIN-LOWRY SYNDROME, MILD
  COLON CANCER, SOMATIC
  COLORECTAL CANCER, SOMATIC
  COLORECTAL CANCER, SOMATIC, INCLUDED;;
  COWDEN DISEASE 6
  CROUZON SYNDROME
  DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE II
  ENDOCRINE-CEREBROOSTEODYSPLASIA
  EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, EARLY INFANTILE, 2
  FG SYNDROME 4
  GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE IXC
  HARTSFIELD SYNDROME
  HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, CHILDHOOD TYPE, SOMATIC
  HYPOCHONDROPLASIA
  HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 2 WITH ANOSMIA
  HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 2 WITH ANOSMIA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
  HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 2 WITH OR WITHOUT ANOSMIA, SUSCEPTIBILITY
  HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 2 WITHOUT ANOSMIA
  HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 2 WITHOUT ANOSMIA, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
  IN
  LADD SYNDROME
  LEUKEMIA, PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME-POSITIVE, RESISTANT TO IMATINIB
  LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN, SOMATIC
  MALFORMATIONS
  MEGALENCEPHALY-POLYMICROGYRIA-POLYDACTYLY-HYDROCEPHALUS SYNDROME
  MELANOMA, MALIGNANT, SOMATIC
  MENTAL RETARDATION AND MICROCEPHALY WITH PONTINE AND CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA
  MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 19
  MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 30
  MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED, WITH NYSTAGMUS
  MULTIPLE MYELOMA, SOMATIC, INCLUDED;;
  NEPHRONOPHTHISIS 9 (NPHP9)
  NEUROPATHY, HEREDITARY SENSORY, TYPE II
  NONSMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, RESISTANCE TO TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR
  NONSMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, RESPONSE TO TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR IN,
  NOONAN SYNDROME 7
  OGUCHI DISEASE 2
  PARKINSON DISEASE 8, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
  PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME
  PFEIFFER SYNDROME
  PROSTATE CANCER, PROGRESSION AND METASTASIS OF
  RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, PAPILLARY, 1
  RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, PAPILLARY, 1, SOMATIC
  RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 38
  RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 62
  RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 62 (RP62)
  SADDAN DYSPLASIA
  SCAPHOCEPHALY, MAXILLARY RETRUSION, AND MENTAL RETARDATION, INCLUDED
  SHORT RIB-POLYDACTYLY SYNDROME 2A (SRPS2A)
  SHORT RIB-POLYDACTYLY SYNDROME, TYPE IIA
  SOMATIC
  SPERMATOCYTIC SEMINOMA, SOMATIC, INCLUDED
  SPERMATOGENIC FAILURE 5
  SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA 14
  T-CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCY, RECURRENT INFECTIONS, AUTOIMMUNITY, AND CARDIAC
  TESTICULAR TUMOR, SOMATIC
  THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA, TYPE I
  THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA, TYPE I, INCLUDED
  THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA, TYPE II
  THROMBOCYTOPENIA 2
  THYROID CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR, SOMATIC, INCLUDED
  THYROID CARCINOMA, PAPILLARY, SOMATIC, INCLUDED;;|
  TO
  VARIANT OF UNKNOWN SIGNIFICANCE
  VENOUS MALFORMATIONS, MULTIPLE CUTANEOUS AND MUCOSAL


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Range on the Protein:  

   Protein ID            Protein Position

Domain Position:  


Feature Name:Total Found:
active site
ATP binding site
substrate binding site
activation loop (A-loop)
hydrophobic motif (HM)
turn motif phosphorylatio
















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Please Cite: Peterson, T.A., Adadey, A., Santana-Cruz ,I., Sun, Y., Winder A, Kann, M.G., (2010) DMDM: Domain Mapping of Disease Mutations. Bioinformatics 26 (19), 2458-2459.

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